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List of parties to the Kyoto Protocol
As of June 2013, there are 192 parties to the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which aims to combat global warming. This total includes 191 states (189 United Nations member states as well as the Cook Islands and Niue) and one supranational union (the European Union).〔(【引用サイトリンク】format=PDF )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Status of Ratification )〕 Canada renounced the convention effective 15 December 2012 and ceased to be a member from that date.
With the Protocol's 2008-2012 commitment period expiring, the Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol was agreed to, which establishes new commitments for the period 2013-2020. As of April 2015, 26 states have accepted this amendment.
==Parties==
Signing is optional, indicating an intention to ratify the Protocol. Ratification means that a state is legally bound by the provisions of the treaty. For Annex I parties (e.g. a developed country or one with an 'economy in transition') this means that it has agreed to cap emissions in accordance with the Protocol.
Iceland was the 55th state to ratify, fulfilling the first condition for coming-into-force. With Russia's ratification the "55 percent of 1990 carbon dioxide emissions of the Parties included in Annex I" clause was satisfied and the treaty was brought into force, effective 16 February 2005.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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